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Patterns in Smoking Risk Data
Table 1 shows the effect of smoking on the risk of developing different cardiovascular diseases.
| Cardiovascular disease | Percentage (%) increase in risk compared to people who have never smoked |
|---|---|
| E | 14 |
| F | 20 |
| G | 29 |
| H | 70 |
Give two conclusions that can be made from the data in Table 1.
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Marking points
- 1 Gives a first supported conclusion from Table 1.
- 2 Gives a second distinct supported conclusion from Table 1.
Full-mark answer
Smoking increases the risk of every cardiovascular disease shown. The increase is greatest for disease H at 70% and smallest for disease E at 14%.
Why this answer loses marks
Smoking causes cardiovascular disease.
This is a general causal claim, not a conclusion comparing the risk increases shown in the table.